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The Zakah of Fitr is due on every Muslim who is alive part of Ramadan and part of Shawwal (the month after Ramadan.) The due Zakah for each is a “sa^” or four times the fill of a pair of average-sized hands cupped together of the most common staple food of one’s area. It is an obligation upon the Muslim to pay the due Zakah for one and one’s Muslim dependents if on the day of the Feast of Fitr (^Id-ul-Fitr) and the night after it he has enough to meet his debts, clothing, lodging, and sustenance, and the sustenance [...]

The integrals of fasting are two: To make the intention each night to fast the following day of Ramadan. To abstain during time of the dawn until sunset, from inserting any substance into the head or the body cavity through an open inlet, excluding one’s pure, tahir saliva while still inside the mouth and to abstain from sexual intercourse, masturbation, inducing vomit, and apostasy. Making the intention at night to fast the following day of Ramadan means to have the intention in one’s heart to fast during the night preceding the fasting day, i.e., after the sunset and before the [...]

The first condition for one to be obligated to fast is to be Muslim. In this world we do not request from the non-Muslim to fast; however, in the Hereafter, he will be punished for neglecting to fast–as he will be punished for his blasphemy. Rather, the obligation on the non-Muslim is to embrace Islam, then among many obligations, is to fast Ramadan. Secondly, the Muslim must be pubescent. The child is not obligated to fast. However it is an obligation on the guardian of the child to order him or her to fast once he or she is 7 [...]

The obligation of fasting the month of Ramadan becomes incumbent upon the occurrence of one of two matters: to sight the crescent of Ramadan after the sunset of the 29th day of Sha^ban (the month directly preceding Ramadan) or, if the crescent is not seen, then completing thirty (30) days of Sha^ban. So, the beginning of the month of Ramadan, as well as the end of the month, is determined by sighting the crescent. If the crescent is not sighted, then the month would be completed by 30 days–as is the case with determining all the months of the lunar calendar. [...]